Jonas Salk and IPV

Jonas Salk

1914 - 1995

My ambition was to bring to bear on medicine a chemical approach. I did that by chemical manipulation of viruses and chemical ways of thinking in biomedical research.

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There are two different types of polio vaccine. Jonas Salk invented the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) while Albert Sabin invented the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). (1)

Salk was an American physician and medical researcher who developed the first safe and effective vaccine for polio.

In 1942 at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, he became part of a group that was working to develop a vaccine against the flu.

In 1947, he became head of the Virus Research Lab at the University of Pittsburgh, where he began research on polio.

On April 12, 1955, the inactivated polio vaccine was released for use in the United States.

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Jonas Salk Injecting a Child with the Polio Vaccination.

There are three serotypes (strains) of the wild poliovirus: PV1, PV2, and PV3. Some of these distinguishable, yet closely related forms of polio are more common than others. PV1 is the most widespread serotype while PV2 has been eradicated. The third serotype, PV3, is also close to eradication. (2)

The live attenuated vaccine was thought to have long-lasting immunity because the antibodies to the virus had been found in polio survivors many years after infection. This is one reason why many countries have recently switched back to the IPV. (3)

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Footnotes

1. Britannica School, s.v. "Poliomyelitis," accessed January 16, 2019, https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/polio/60621.

2. Ibid.

3. "The Development of Polio Vaccines." In Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 7. Detroit, MI: Gale, 2001. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2643450783/SCIC.

4. "Jonas Salk Injecting a Child with the Polio Vaccination. before Salk Developed the Vaccine, Polio..." In 1950-1959, edited by Julie L. Carnagie, Rob Nagel, Sara Pendergast, and Tom Pendergast. Vol. 6 of UXL American Decades. Detroit, MI: UXL, 2003. https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3436987443/MSIC.

5. "Jonas Salk Quotes." AZ Quotes. Accessed May 16, 2019. https://www.azquotes.com/author/12911-Jonas_Salk.

6. Biography.com Editors. "Jonas Salk Biography." Biography.com. Last modified April 2, 2014. Accessed May 17, 2019. https://www.biography.com/scientist/jonas-salk.

7. "Jonas Salk: Why He Was Disliked by the Medical Community." Video file. Oxford Academic. Posted June 30, 2015. Accessed May 17, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cym21dpmxL4.